4.Identify Central ldeas What did Timbuktu contribut e to Mali's importance as a kingdom?

## Step 1<br />The question is asking for the central ideas or main contributions of Timbuktu to Mali's importance as a kingdom. Timbuktu is a historical city in Mali, West Africa, and it was a significant part of the Mali Empire during the 14th to 16th centuries.<br /><br />## Step 2<br />Timbuktu's importance to Mali's prominence as a kingdom can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, it was a major center of Islamic learning and culture. This is due to the presence of several madrasas (educational institutions) and the famous Sankore University.<br /><br />## Step 3<br />Secondly, Timbuktu was a hub for trade, particularly in gold and salt. This contributed to the economic prosperity of the Mali Empire.<br /><br />## Step 4<br />Lastly, Timbuktu was a significant center for the spread of Islam in Africa. This is due to the presence of several mosques and the influence of Islamic scholars in the region.