Which of the following statements is a biochemical disturbance in diabetes? Select ALL that apply. The liver converts amino acids into glucose The excess glucose must be excreted in the urine in solution The body loses excessive amounts of protein and electrolytes D Protein synthesis is compromised

In diabetes, several biochemical disturbances occur due to impaired insulin function and glucose metabolism. Let's evaluate each statement:<br /><br />1. **The liver converts amino acids into glucose**: This process is known as gluconeogenesis. In diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes or uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, the lack of insulin or insulin resistance leads to increased gluconeogenesis in the liver. Therefore, this statement is a biochemical disturbance in diabetes.<br /><br />2. **The excess glucose must be excreted in the urine in solution**: When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold (approximately 180 mg/dL), glucose spills over into the urine, a condition known as glucosuria. This is a common occurrence in uncontrolled diabetes. Thus, this statement is also a biochemical disturbance in diabetes.<br /><br />3. **The body loses excessive amounts of protein and electrolytes**: In uncontrolled diabetes, particularly when ketoacidosis occurs, there can be significant loss of electrolytes and muscle wasting due to protein breakdown. Therefore, this statement is a biochemical disturbance in diabetes.<br /><br />4. **Protein synthesis is compromised**: Insulin plays a crucial role in promoting protein synthesis. In diabetes, due to insufficient insulin action, protein synthesis can indeed be compromised. Hence, this statement is also a biochemical disturbance in diabetes.<br /><br />All four statements describe biochemical disturbances that can occur in diabetes.