4. Choose the correct modals to complete these sentences. a. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You (needn't/mustn't / should not) buy any. b. It's a hospital.You (mustn't/may not / don't have to) smoke. c. He had been working for more than 11 hours. He (need / must / had better)be tired after such hard work. He (should/must / may) prefer to get some rest. d. I (could/might / can) speak Arabic fluently when I was a child, and we lived in Morocco. However, after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I (may / can / must) just say a few things in the language. e. The teacher said we (can / must / should) read this book for our own pleasure,as it is optional. However, we (couldn't / needn't / mustn't) read it if we don't want to. f. (May/Need/Can)you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I (may not / needn't can't). g. If you want to learn to speak English fluently.you (can / need / should) to work hard. h. Take an umbrella . It (should / might / must) rain later. i. You (shouldn't/needni / may not) leave small objects lying around. Such objects (may / need /must) be swallowed by children. j. People (couldn't/mustn'/ may not) walk on grass. k. Drivers (could/must / may) stop when the traffic lights are red. 1. (May/Should / Will) I ask a question? Yes, of course. m. You (couldn't /needn't / may not take your umbrella. It is not raining. n. (Can/Need / May) you speak Italian? No, I (can't / needn't / may not).

Here are the answers with explanations:<br /><br />a. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You **needn't** buy any. ("Needn't" indicates lack of necessity.)<br /><br />b. It's a hospital. You **mustn't** smoke. ("Mustn't" expresses prohibition.)<br /><br />c. He had been working for more than 11 hours. He **must** be tired after such hard work. He **should** prefer to get some rest. ("Must" indicates logical deduction; "should" suggests a recommendation.)<br /><br />d. I **could** speak Arabic fluently when I was a child, and we lived in Morocco. However, after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a child. Now, I **can** just say a few things in the language. ("Could" refers to past ability; "can" refers to present ability, albeit limited.)<br /><br />e. The teacher said we **should** read this book for our own pleasure, as it is optional. However, we **needn't** read it if we don't want to. ("Should" suggests a recommendation; "needn't" indicates lack of obligation.)<br /><br />f. **Can** you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I **can't**. ("Can" asks about ability; "can't" denies ability.)<br /><br />g. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you **should** work hard. ("Should" gives advice or recommendation.)<br /><br />h. Take an umbrella. It **might** rain later. ("Might" indicates possibility.)<br /><br />i. You **shouldn't** leave small objects lying around. Such objects **may** be swallowed by children. ("Shouldn't" advises against; "may" indicates possibility.)<br /><br />j. People **mustn't** walk on the grass. ("Mustn't" expresses prohibition.)<br /><br />k. Drivers **must** stop when the traffic lights are red. ("Must" indicates obligation.)<br /><br />l. **May** I ask a question? Yes, of course. ("May" politely asks for permission.)<br /><br />m. You **needn't** take your umbrella. It is not raining. ("Needn't" indicates lack of necessity.)<br /><br />n. **Can** you speak Italian? No, I **can't**. ("Can" asks about ability; "can't" denies ability.)<br />