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II. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following imme- diate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint. 1. No sculptures by Rodin are boring creations. Therefore, all sculptures by Rodin are boring creations. 2. It is false that some lunar craters are volcanic formations. Therefore, no lunar craters are volcanic formations. 3. All trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs. Therefore, some trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs. 4. All dry martinis are dangerous concoctions. Therefore, it is false that some dry martinis are not dangerous concoctions.

Pergunta

II. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following imme-
diate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint.
1. No sculptures by Rodin are boring creations.
Therefore, all sculptures by Rodin are boring creations.
2. It is false that some lunar craters are volcanic formations.
Therefore, no lunar craters are volcanic formations.
3. All trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs.
Therefore, some trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs.
4. All dry martinis are dangerous concoctions.
Therefore, it is false that some dry martinis are not dangerous concoctions.

II. Use the modern square of opposition to determine whether the following imme- diate inferences are valid or invalid from the Boolean standpoint. 1. No sculptures by Rodin are boring creations. Therefore, all sculptures by Rodin are boring creations. 2. It is false that some lunar craters are volcanic formations. Therefore, no lunar craters are volcanic formations. 3. All trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs. Therefore, some trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs. 4. All dry martinis are dangerous concoctions. Therefore, it is false that some dry martinis are not dangerous concoctions.

Solução

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Let's analyze each inference using the modern square of opposition:<br /><br />1. No sculptures by Rodin are boring creations.<br /> Therefore, all sculptures by Rodin are boring creations.<br /><br /> This inference is invalid. The correct inference should be: "Some sculptures by Rodin are not boring creations."<br /><br />2. It is false that some lunar craters are volcanic formations.<br /> Therefore, no lunar craters are volcanic formations.<br /><br /> This inference is invalid. The correct inference should be: "All lunar craters are not volcanic formations."<br /><br />3. All trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs.<br /> Therefore, some trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs.<br /><br /> This inference is valid. The statement "All trial lawyers are people with stressful jobs" implies that there is at least one trial lawyer who has a stressful job.<br /><br />4. All dry martinis are dangerous concoctions.<br /> Therefore, it is false that some dry martinis are not dangerous concoctions.<br /><br /> This inference is valid. If all dry martinis are dangerous, then it is false that some dry martinis are not dangerous.
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